Journal Publications

  1. Heikkinen, J., Schajer, G.S. “Self-calibrated Defocused Speckle Imaging for Remote Surface Motion Measurements.” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.173, Article 107914, 19pp., 2024.
  2. Cai, Z., Mayr, P., Fernandez, R., Robbe, S., Usmial, E., Lefebvre, F., To, L., Schajer, G.S., Withers, P.J., Roy, M.J. “Residual Stress Determination of Cast Aluminium Benchmark Components Using Strain Relief Techniques.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.64, No.3, pp.441–452, 2024.
  3. Schajer, G.S., To, L. “Simulation of Infinite Boundaries for Axisymmetric Finite Element Models.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.63, No.5, pp.965–971, 2023.
  4. Omori, C.S., Schajer, G.S. “Log Grading and Knot Identification by Oblique X-Ray Scanning.” Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems, Vol.6, No.2, 2023.
  5. Schajer, G.S., Prime, M.B., Withers, P.J. “Why Is It So Challenging to Measure Residual Stresses?” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.62, No.9, pp.1521-1530, 2022.
  6. Schajer, G.S. “Hole Eccentricity Correction for Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.62, No.9, pp.1603-1613, 2022.
  7. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “Diffraction-based self-calibration method for defocused speckle imaging,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.158,107124, 2022.
  8. Schajer, G.S., To, L. “Simulation of Infinite Boundaries when Evaluating Hole-Drilling Calibration Data”.  Experimental Mechanics, Vol.62, No.8, pp.1247–1255, 2022.
  9. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “Perspective Error Reduction in 2D Digital Image Correlation Measurements by Combination with Defocused Speckle Imaging.” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.149, 2022.
  10. Schajer, G.S. “A Build-at-home Student Laboratory Experiment in Mechanical Vibrations.” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol.50, No.2, pp.240-252, 2022.
  11. Broetto, F.Z., Schajer, G.S. “A Compact ESPI System for Measuring 3D Displacements.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.62, No.3, pp.471-482, 2021.
  12. Schajer, G.S. “Universal Calibration Constants for Strain Gauge Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.50, No.2, pp.240-252, 2021.
  13. Schajer, G.S. “Optical Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Calculations Using Strain Gauge Formalism.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.61, No.9, pp.1369-1380, 2021.
  14. Schajer, G.S. “Circumferential Rosette Design for Extended Depth Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements”. Experimental Mechanics, Vol.60, No.9, pp.1265-1274, 2020.
  15. Schajer, G.S. “Compact Calibration Data for Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Specimens. Experimental Mechanics, Vol.60, No.5, pp.665–678, 2020.
  16. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “Remote Surface Motion Measurements Using Defocused Speckle Imaging”. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.130, 2020.
  17. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “A Geometric Model of Surface Motion Measurement by Objective Speckle Imaging”. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.124, 2020.
  18. Pan, Q., Schajer, G.S. “Linear Sensor Arrangement for Softwood Grain Angle Measurements by Directional Reflection”. ASME Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems, Vol.2, No.1, pp 011003-011003-6, 2019.
  19. Pokharna, H., Schajer, G.S. “Quasi Single-frame Measurements with Phase-stepped ESPI”. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.121, pp.181-188, 2019.
  20. Pan, Q., Schajer, G.S. “Two-line Spatial Reflection Method for Measuring Wood Grain Direction”. Forest Products Journal, Vol.68, No.4, pp.459-464, 2019.
  21. Angus, E., An, Y., Schajer, G.S. “Computed Tomography of Logs with Motion Compensation”. ASME Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 031002-031002-9, 2018.
  22. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “Low-Coherence Light Source Design for ESPI In-plane Displacement Measurements”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.100, pp.77-81, 2018.
  23. Ma, T. Schajer, G.S., Inagaki, T., Pirouz, Z., Tsuchikawa, S. “Optical Characteristics of Douglas fir at Various Densities, Grain Directions and Thicknesses Investigated by Near-infrared Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy (NIR-SRS)”. Holzforschung, Vol.72, No.9, pp.789-796, 2018.
  24. Heikkinen, J.J., Schajer, G.S. “Full-Field High-Strain Gradient Evaluation from Wrapped ESPI Data Using Phasors”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.57, No.5, pp.665–674, 2017.
  25. Harrington, J.S., Schajer, G.S. “Measurement of Structural Stresses by Hole-Drilling and DIC”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.57, No.4, pp.559-567, 2017.
  26. Gubbels, W.L., Schajer, G.S. “Development of 3-D Digital Image Correlation Using a Single Color-Camera and Diffractive Speckle Projection”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.56, No.8, pp.1327-1337, 2016.
  27. Schajer, G.S., Sutton, D.B. “Identification of 3D Wood Grain Angle by Directional Reflection Measurement”, Wood Material Science and Engineering, Vol.11, No.3, pp.170-175, 2016.
  28. Schajer, G.S. “Wood Machining: Past Achievements, Present Capabilities, Future Opportunities”, Wood Material Science and Engineering, Vol.11, No.3, pp.127-134, 2016.
  29. Schajer, G.S., “IWMS Special Issue”, Wood Material Science and Engineering, Vol.11, No.3, p.126, 2016.
  30. Richoz, G.L., Schajer, G.S “Simultaneous Two-axis Shearographic Interferometer Using Multiple Wavelengths and a Color Camera”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.77, pp.143-153, 2016.
  31. Richoz, G.L., Schajer, G.S. “Simultaneous Phase-Stepping Shearography Measurements Using Multiple Wavelengths and a Color Camera”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.55, No.6, pp.1165-1174, 2015.
  32. An, Y., Schajer, G.S. “Cone-Beam Feature-Specific CT Log Scanning”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.55, No.3, pp.509-518, 2015.
  33. Schajer, G.S., Zhang, Y., Melamed, S. “In-plane ESPI using an achromatic interferometer with low-coherence laser source”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.67, pp.116-121, 2015.
  34. An, Y., Schajer, G.S. “Cone-Beam Feature-Specific CT Log Scanning”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.55, No.3, pp.509-518, 2015.
  35. An, Y., Schajer, G.S. “Geometry-based CT scanner for measuring logs in sawmills”, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol.105, p.66-73, 2014.
  36. Schajer, G.S., Abraham, C. “Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling”. Experimental Mechanics, Vol.54, No.9, pp.1515-1522, 2014.
  37. An, Y., Schajer, G.S. “Feature-Specific CT Measurements for Log Scanning: Theory and Application”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.54, No.5, pp.753-762, 2014.
  38. Georgas, P., Schajer, G.S. “Simultaneous Measurement of Plate Natural Frequencies and Vibration Mode Shapes Using ESPI”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.53, No.8, pp.1461-1466, 2013.
  39. Schajer, G.S., Winiarski, B., Withers, P.J. “Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement with Artifact Correction Using Full-Field DIC”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.53, No.2, pp.255-265, 2013.
  40. Georgas, P.J. and Schajer, G.S. “Modulo 2-pi Phase Determination from Individual ESPI Images”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol.50, No.8, pp.1030-1035, 2012.
  41. Winiarski, B., Schajer, G.S. and Withers, P.J. “Surface Decoration for Improving the Accuracy of Displacement Measurements by Digital Image Correlation in SEM”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.52, No.7, pp.793-804, 2012.
  42. Schajer, G.S., Ekevad, M., Grönlund, A. “Practical Measurement of Circular Saw Vibration Mode Shapes”, Wood Material Science and Engineering, Vol.7, No.3, pp.162-166, 2012.
  43. Mainjot, A.K., Schajer, G.S., Vanheusden, A.J. and Sadoun, M.J. “Influence of Zirconia Framework Thickness on Residual Stress Profile in Veneering Ceramic: Measurement by Hole-drilling”, Dental Materials, Vol.28, No.4, pp.378-384, 2012.
  44. Mainjot, A.K., Schajer, G.S., Vanheusden, A.J. and Sadoun, M.J. “Influence of Veneer Thickness on Residual Stress Profile in Veneering Ceramic: Measurement by Hole-drilling”, Dental Materials, Vol.28, No.2, pp.160-167, 2012.
  45. Vikberg, T., Hansson, L., Schajer, G.S. and Oja, J. “Effects on Microwave Measurements and Simulations when Collecting Data Close to Edges of Wooden Boards”, Measurement, Vol.45, No.3, pp.525-528, 2012.
  46. Mainjot, A.K., Schajer, G.S., Vanheusden, A.J. and Sadoun, M.J. “Influence of Cooling Rate on Residual Stress Profile in Veneering Ceramic: Measurement by Hole-drilling”, Dental Materials, Vol.27, No.9, pp.906-914, 2011.
  47. Schajer, G.S. and Rickert, T.J. “Incremental Computation Technique for Residual Stress Calculations Using the Integral Method”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.51, No.7, pp.1217-1222, 2011.
  48. Bingleman, L.W. and Schajer, G.S. “DIC-Based Surface Motion Correction for ESPI Measurements”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.51, No.7, pp.1207-1216, 2011.
  49. An, Y. and Schajer, G.S. “Pixel Quality Evaluation and Correction Procedures in Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry”, Experimental Techniques, Vol.35, No.5, pp.23-29, 2011.
  50. Mainjot, A.K., Schajer, G.S., Vanheusden, A.J. and Sadoun, M.J. “Residual Stress Measurement in Veneering Ceramic by Hole-Drilling”, Dental Materials, Vol.27, No.5, pp.439-444, 2011.
  51. Schajer, G.S. “Relaxation Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses: Techniques and Opportunities”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.50, No.8, pp.1117-1127, 2010.
  52. Schajer, G.S. and Steinzig, M. “Dual-Axis Hole-Drilling ESPI Residual Stress Measurements”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.132, No.1, pp.71-75, 2010.
  53. Schajer, G.S. “Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements at 75: Origins, Advances, Opportunities”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.50, No.2, pp.245-253, 2010.
  54. An, Y. and Schajer, G.S. “Residual Stress Determination Using Cross-Slitting and Dual-Axis ESPI”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.50, No.2, pp.169-177, 2010.
  55. Schajer, G.S. “Advances in Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.50, No.2, pp.159-168, 2010.
  56. Schajer, G.S. and An, Y. “Inverse Calculation of Uniaxial Stress-Strain Curves from Bending Test Data”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.131, No.4, pp.1-6, 2009.
  57. Vadeboncoeur, N., Schajer, G.S., Johnson, A. and Rickard, D. “Separate-sided Surface Height Measurement Using a Handheld Profiling Device.” Forest Products Journal, Vol.58, No.9, pp.72-76, 2008. (First Place winner of the 2007 Wood Award, Forest Products Society)
  58. Schajer, G.S. and Steinzig, M. “Sawblade Vibration Mode Shape Measurement Using ESPI”. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. Vol.86, No.3, 5 pp.259-263, 2008.
  59. Schajer, G.S. “Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Profiling with Automated Smoothing”. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. Vol.129, No.3, pp.440-445, 2007.
  60. Schajer, G.S. and Prime, M.B. “Residual Stress Solution Extrapolation for the Slitting Method using Equilibrium Constraints”. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. Vol.129, No.2, pp.227-232, 2007.
  61. Schajer, G.S. and Prime, M.B. “Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measurements.” ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. Vol.128, No.3, pp.375-382, 2006.
  62. Schajer, G.S. and Orhan, F.B. “Measurement of Wood Grain Angle, Moisture Content and Density using Microwaves.” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, Vol.64, No.6, pp.483-490, 2006.
  63. Schajer, G. S. and Orhan, F. “Microwave Non-Destructive Testing of Wood and Similar Orthotropic Materials.” Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications, Vol.6, No.4, pp.293-313, 2005.
  64. Schajer, G.S. and Steinzig, M. “Full-Field Calculation of Hole-Drilling Residual Stresses from ESPI Data.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.45, No.6, pp.526-532, 2005.
  65. Schajer, G.S., Gazzarri, J.I., Wong, D.C., Maness, T.C. and Kozak, R.A. “Scanner System for Separate-Sided Lumber Surface Measurements.” Forest Products Journal, Vol.55 No.12, pp.175-180, 2005.
  66. Gazzarri, J. I. and Schajer, G. S. “Lumber surface profiling Independent of Bulk Motion.” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, Vol.63, No.5, pp.347–352, 2005.
  67. Schajer, G.S. and Gazzarri, J.I. “Surface Profiling Using Sequential Sampling and Inverse Methods. Part II: Implementation and Experimental Results.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.44, No.5, pp.480-486, 2004.
  68. Schajer, G.S. and Gazzarri, J.I. “Surface Profiling Using Sequential Sampling and Inverse Methods. Part I: Mathematical Background.” Experimental Mechanics, Vol.44, No.5, pp.473-479, 2004.
  69. Wong, D.C. and Schajer, G.S. “Factors Controlling Bandsaw Tracking.” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. Vol.60, No.2, pp.141-145, 2002.
  70. Schajer, G.S. and Wang, S.A. “Effect of Workpiece Interaction on Circular Saw Cutting Stability II: Experimental Results.” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. Vol.60, No.1, pp.48-54, 2002.
  71. Schajer G.S. and Wang S.A. “Effect of Workpiece Interaction on Circular Saw Cutting Stability: I: Theoretical Background.” Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. Vol.59, No.5, 388-393, 2001.
  72. Schajer, G.S. “Lumber Strength Grading Using X-ray Scanning.” Forest Products Journal. Vol.51, No.1, pp.43-50, 2001.  (Winner of the 2003 Marquardt Wood Engineering Award. Forest Products Society, 2003). 
  73. Schajer, G.S. “Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion Expressed in Terms of Stress Invariants.” Journal of Applied Mechanics. Vol.65, No.1, pp.1066-1068, 1998.
  74. Schajer, G.S. and Tootoonian, M. “A New Rosette Design for More Reliable Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 299-306, 1997.
  75. Schajer, G.S. and Kishimoto, K.J., “High-Speed Circular Sawing Using Temporary Tensioning,” Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff. Vol.54, pp. 361-367. 1996.
  76. Schajer, G.S., Green, S.I., Davis, A.P. and Hsiang, Y.N.M., “Influence of Elastic Non-Linearity on Arterial Anastomotic Compliance”, ASME J. of Biomechanical Engineering. Vol 118, No.4, pp. 445-451. 1996.
  77. Schajer, G.S. and Altus, E., “Stress Calculation Error Analysis for Incremental Hole Drilling Residual Stress Measurements”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. Vol.118, No.1, pp. 120-126, 1996.
  78. Green, S.I., Schajer, G.S., Parker, D.R., Post, A.J. and Hsiang, Y.N.H., “In Vivo Measurement of Arterial Pre-Tension”, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, Vol.33, pp. 826-829, 1995.
  79. Tootoonian, M. and Schajer, G.S. “Enhanced Sensitivity Residual Stress Measurements using Taper Hole Drilling”, Experimental Mechanics. Vol.35, No.2, pp. 124-129, 1995.
  80. Shen, J., Schajer, G.S., and Parker, R.S., “Theory and Practice in Measuring Wood Grain Angle Using Microwaves”, IEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.43, No.6, pp. 803-809, 1994.
  81. Schajer, G.S., and Yang, L., “Residual Stress Measurement in Orthotropic Materials Using the Hole-Drilling Method”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 324-333, 1994.
  82. Schajer, G.S. “A Teaching Note on Failure Criteria and Failure Surfaces for Ductile and Brittle Materials”, The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 1-13, 1994.
  83. Shen, J., Schajer, G.S. and Parker, R.S., “A New Probe for Characterizing Elliptically Polarized Microwave Fields”, J. of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. Vol.29, No.1, pp. 55-62, 1994.
  84. Lister, P.F. and Schajer, G.S., “The Effectiveness of the Light-Gap Method for Indicating Changes in Bandsaw Frequency and Stiffness” Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff. Vol.51, No.4, pp. 260-266, 1993.
  85. Schajer, G.S., “Use of Displacement Data to Calculate Strain Gauge Response in Non-Uniform Strain Fields”, Strain. Vol.29, No.1, pp. 9-13, 1993.
  86. Schajer, G.S., “North American Techniques for Circular Saw Tensioning and Leveling. Part II. Practical Adjustment Methods”, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, Vol.50, No.4, pp. 153-157, 1992.
  87. Schajer, G.S., “North American Techniques for Circular Saw Tensioning and Leveling. Part I. Practical Measurement Methods”, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, Vol.50, No.3, pp. 111-116, 1992.
  88. Schajer, G.S., “Strain Data Averaging for the Hole-Drilling Method”, Experimental Techniques, Vol.15, No.2, pp. 25-28, 1991.
  89. Schajer, G.S., “An Alternate Computational Approach to Strain-Gage Rosette Data Reduction”, Experimental Techniques, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 54-57, 1990.
  90. Schajer, G.S., “Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses Using the Hole-Drilling Method. Part II. Practical Application of the Integral Method”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.110, No.4, pp. 344-349, 1988.
  91. Schajer, G.S., “Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses Using the Hole-Drilling Method. Part I. Stress Calculation Procedures”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.110, No.4, pp. 338-343, 1988.
  92. Schajer, G.S., “Guided Saw Hunting”, Forest Products Journal, Vol.38, No.4, pp. 47-50, 1988.
  93. Schajer, G.S., “Why Are Guided Circular Saws More Stable than Unguided Saws?”, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, Vol.44, No.12, pp. 465-469, 1986.
  94. Schajer, G.S., “Simple Formulas for Natural Frequencies and Critical Speeds of Circular Saws”, Forest Products Journal, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 37-43, 1986.
  95. Stanish, M.A., Schajer, G.S., and Kayihan, F., “A Mathematical Model of Drying for Hygroscopic Porous Media”, AIChE Journal, Vol.32, No.8, pp. 1301-1311, 1986. (Awarded “Best Paper in Drying in Journals During 1983-1987 Award” by the International Drying Symposium IDS’88. 1988.)
  96. Schajer, G.S., “Understanding Saw Tensioning”, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, Vol.42, No.11, pp. 425-430, 1984.
  97. Schajer, G.S. and Mote, C.D. Jr., “Analysis of Optimal Roll Tensioning for Circular Saw Stability”, Wood and Fibre Science, Vol.16, No.3, pp. 323-338, 1984.
  98. Mote, C.D. Jr., Schajer, G.S., and Telle, L.I., “Hydrodynamic Sector Bearings as Circular Saw Guides”, ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology, Vol.105, No.1, pp. 67-76, 1983.
  99. Schajer, G.S., “The Vibration of a Rotating Circular String Subject to a Fixed Elastic Restraint”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.92, No.1, pp. 11-19, 1983.
  100. Schajer, G.S. and Mote, C.D. Jr., “Analysis of Roll Tensioning and Its Influence on Circular Saw Stability”, Wood Science and Technology, Vol.17, No.4, pp. 287-302, 1983. Awarded “Wood Award 1981” by the Forest Products Research Society)
  101. Gibson, L.J., Ashby, M.F., Schajer, G.S., and Robertson, C.I., “The Mechanics of Two-Dimensional Cellular Materials”, Proc. of the Royal Society, Series A, Vol.382, No.1782, pp. 25-42, 1982.
  102. Mote, C.D. Jr., Schajer, G.S., and Wu, W.Z., “Band Saw and Circular Saw Vibration and Stability”, The Shock and Vibration Digest, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 19-25, 1982.
  103. Schajer, G.S., “Application of Finite Element Calculations to Residual Stress Measurements”, ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.103, No.2, pp. 157-163, 1981. (Awarded “Best Paper Award 1981” by ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology)
  104. Mote, C.D. Jr., Schajer, G.S., and Holoyen, S., “Circular Saw Vibration Control by Induction of Thermal Membrane Stresses”, ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol.103, No.1, pp. 81-89, 1981.
  105. Schajer, G.S. and Mote, C.D. Jr., “An Algorithm for the Solution of a Third-Order Eigenvalue Problem”, International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 457-463, 1980.